关于安装greenplum单机版的一些注意事项

  在2024年5月份学习赵渝强老师的PG实战派一书时，里面介绍了分布式数据库GP搭建和实施。由于GP于2024年闭源了，安装包找了好久找不到了，无奈只能放弃。昨天在墨天轮社区偶尔看到一篇关于greenplum的安装https://www.modb.pro/db/1894215852594049024，于是想再尝试一下，这次终于得偿所愿找到了GP的RPM安装包。

  首先我们要做好操作系统的内核参数设置，这一点和ORACLE和PG没有什么不同。

内核配置参数

========================

kernel.shmmax = 500000000

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 4000000000

kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048

kernel.sysrq = 1

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.msgmni = 2048

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096

net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 10000 65535

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000

net.core.rmem_max = 2097152

net.core.wmem_max = 2097152

vm.overcommit_memory = 2

/etc/security/limits.conf配置资源限制参数

=======================

* soft nofile 65536

* hard nofile 65536

* soft nproc 131072

* hard nproc 131072

同时做好SELINUX和防火墙和/etc/hosts文件的设置

[root@gphost ~]# su -l gpadmin

Last login: Wed Jul  2 08:47:44 EDT 2025 on pts/1

Last failed login: Wed Jul  2 08:50:24 EDT 2025 on pts/1

There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.

切换用户，在当前用户目录创建以下几个空白目录，如下所示。同时要在gpconfigs目录创建一个GP空白的初始化环境配置文件，内容随后展示。

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ ls

gp1  gp2  gp3  gp4    gpconfigs  master

gpconfigs是存放GP初始化系统配置的文件夹

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ cd gpconfigs/

[gpadmin@gphost gpconfigs]$ ls

gpinitsystem_config

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ cat /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config

SEG_PREFIX=gpseg

PORT_BASE=33000

declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/home/gpadmin/gp1 /home/gpadmin/gp2 /home/gpadmin/gp3 /home/gpadmin/gp4)

MASTER_HOSTNAME=gphost

MASTER_PORT=5432

MASTER_DIRECTORY=/home/gpadmin/master

DATABASE_NAME=gpdb

切换到ROOT用户，上传安装包RPM，进行安装，通常安装在/     usr/local目录下面。进入/usr/local/greenplum-db,创建如下文件，内容如下所示。做好gpadmin用户对/usr/local/greenplum*目录的授权，如chown -R gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum*、chgrp -R gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum*。

[root@gphost greenplum-db]# echo "gphost">all_hosts

[root@gphost greenplum-db]# cat all_hosts

gphost

[root@gphost greenplum-db]# echo "gphost">seg_hosts

[root@gphost greenplum-db]# cat seg_hosts

gphost

[root@gphost greenplum-db]# su -l gpadmin

Last login: Wed Jul  2 07:30:15 EDT 2025 on pts/0

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh

做好环境变量文件的配置内容如下所示

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

       . ~/.bashrc

fi

source /usr/local/greenplum-db-6.13.0/greenplum_path.sh

export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

export PGPORT=5432

export PGUSER=gpadmin

export PGDATABASE=gpdb

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ cat .bashrc

# .bashrc

# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then

       . /etc/bashrc

fi

source /usr/local/greenplum-db-6.13.0/greenplum_path.sh

export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

export PGPORT=5432

export PGUSER=gpadmin

export PGDATABASE=gpdb

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:

# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions

我个人感到不解的是，为什么要同时做两个环境变量文件的配置。赵老师的PG实战派一书和网友的文章也是同时配置了两个环境变量文件，难道是GP数据库的一些程序要同时用到这两种环境变量文件，如果有网友知道，请告诉我一下。

创建gpadmin用户互信，大多数集群都是要创建免密SSH互信的。

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/gpadmin/.ssh/id_rsa):

Created directory '/home/gpadmin/.ssh'.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /home/gpadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /home/gpadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

SHA256:sRqasYeG+I+4fluNPlO661jslDRToa42Ekqdb9aBTdM gpadmin@gphost

The key's randomart image is:

+---[RSA 2048]----+

|       .         |

|      . o        |

|     . +.E       |

|  . o = .o       |

| o o.*.oS        |

|o...=*B+.        |

|o..+*@=o         |

| oo+@=           |

|+o+++*=          |

+----[SHA256]-----+

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub gpadmin@gphost

/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub"

The authenticity of host 'gphost (192.168.200.136)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Sm9+i1q/zkS/sIVZVKAwc6QbsFdVUNLBU+Cj2YWeSdE.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d0:ae:bf:52:3c:8d:ce:19:00:2b:d0:e3:5e:fd:97:2d.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

gpadmin@gphost's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'gpadmin@gphost'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

现在到了关键阶段，我们要做集群的初始化了，命令如下所示，一定要指定绝对路径，不然系统会报错给你看。在这里提醒大家，初始化配置文件和段主机文件，你可以自由创建在gpadmin任何目录下。

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h seg_hosts

20250702:08:02:55:009443 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking configuration parameters, please wait...

20250702:08:02:56:009443 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Reading Greenplum configuration file /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config

20250702:08:02:56:009443 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Locale has not been set in /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config, will set to default value

20250702:08:02:56:009443 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Locale set to en_US.utf8

20250702:08:02:56:009443 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[FATAL]:-Expected file "seg_hosts" not found Script Exiting!

重新指定参数文件绝对路径后，集群初始化成功了。

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /usr/local/greenplum-db/seg_hosts

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking configuration parameters, please wait...

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Reading Greenplum configuration file /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Locale has not been set in /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config, will set to default value

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Locale set to en_US.utf8

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-ARRAY_NAME variable not set, will provide default value

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS variable not set, will set to default value

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-ENCODING variable not set, will set to default UTF-8

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-MASTER_MAX_CONNECT not set, will set to default value 250

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Detected a single host GPDB array build, reducing value of BATCH_DEFAULT from 60 to 4

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking configuration parameters, Completed

20250702:08:03:57:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing multi-home checks, please wait...

.

20250702:08:03:58:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Configuring build for standard array

20250702:08:03:58:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing multi-home checks, Completed

20250702:08:03:58:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Building primary segment instance array, please wait...

....

20250702:08:04:03:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking Master host

20250702:08:04:03:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking new segment hosts, please wait...

....

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking new segment hosts, Completed

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Database Creation Parameters

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:---------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master Configuration

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:---------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master instance name       = Greenplum Instance

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master hostname            = gphost

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master port                = 5432

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master instance dir        = /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master LOCALE              = en_US.utf8

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum segment prefix   = gpseg

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master Database            = gpdb

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master connections         = 250

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master buffers             = 128000kB

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Segment connections        = 750

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Segment buffers            = 128000kB

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checkpoint segments        = 8

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Encoding                   = UTF-8

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Postgres param file        = Off

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Initdb to be used          = /usr/local/greenplum-db-6.13.0/bin/initdb

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-GP_LIBRARY_PATH is         = /usr/local/greenplum-db-6.13.0/lib

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-HEAP_CHECKSUM is           = on

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-HBA_HOSTNAMES is           = 0

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Ulimit check               = Passed

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Array host connect type    = Single hostname per node

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master IP address [1]      = ::1

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master IP address [2]      = 192.168.200.136

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master IP address [3]      = fe80::610c:9ae1:b604:58ef

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Standby Master             = Not Configured

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Number of primary segments = 4

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Total Database segments    = 4

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Trusted shell              = /bin/ssh

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Number segment hosts       = 1

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Mirroring config           = OFF

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:----------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Primary Segment Configuration

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:----------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-gphost     33000   gphost  /home/gpadmin/gp1/gpseg0     2

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-gphost     33001   gphost  /home/gpadmin/gp2/gpseg1     3

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-gphost     33002   gphost  /home/gpadmin/gp3/gpseg2     4

20250702:08:04:09:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-gphost     33003   gphost  /home/gpadmin/gp4/gpseg3     5

Continue with Greenplum creation Yy|Nn (default=N):

> y（输入y)

20250702:08:04:21:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Building the Master instance database, please wait...

20250702:08:04:30:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting the Master in admin mode

20250702:08:04:33:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel build of primary segment instances

20250702:08:04:33:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Spawning parallel processes    batch [1], please wait...

....

20250702:08:04:33:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Waiting for parallel processes batch [1], please wait...

.......................

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Parallel process exit status

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as completed           = 4

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as killed              = 0

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as failed              = 0

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Deleting distributed backout files

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Removing back out file

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-No errors generated from parallel processes

20250702:08:04:59:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Restarting the Greenplum instance in production mode

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstop with args: -a -l /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs -m -d /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Gathering information and validating the environment...

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Greenplum Master catalog information

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 6.13.0 build commit:4f1adf8e247a9685c19ea02bcaddfdc200937ecd Open Source'

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing Master instance shutdown with mode='smart'

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master segment instance directory=/home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:00:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Stopping master segment and waiting for user connections to finish ...

server shutting down

20250702:08:05:01:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Attempting forceful termination of any leftover master process

20250702:08:05:01:014085 gpstop:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Terminating processes for segment /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:01:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstart with args: -a -l /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs -d /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:01:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Gathering information and validating the environment...

20250702:08:05:01:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Binary Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 6.13.0 build commit:4f1adf8e247a9685c19ea02bcaddfdc200937ecd Open Source'

20250702:08:05:01:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Catalog Version: '301908232'

20250702:08:05:01:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting Master instance in admin mode

20250702:08:05:02:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Greenplum Master catalog information

20250702:08:05:02:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...

20250702:08:05:02:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Setting new master era

20250702:08:05:02:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master Started...

20250702:08:05:02:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Shutting down master

20250702:08:05:03:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel segment instance startup, please wait...

.

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Process results...

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   Successful segment starts                                            = 4

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   Failed segment starts                                                = 0

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   Skipped segment starts (segments are marked down in configuration)   = 0

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Successfully started 4 of 4 segment instances

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:05:04:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting Master instance gphost directory /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:06:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Command pg_ctl reports Master gphost instance active

20250702:08:05:06:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Connecting to dbname='template1' connect_timeout=15

20250702:08:05:07:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-No standby master configured.  skipping...

20250702:08:05:07:014108 gpstart:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Database successfully started

20250702:08:05:07:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Completed restart of Greenplum instance in production mode

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Scanning utility log file for any warning messages

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-*******************************************************

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-Scan of log file indicates that some warnings or errors

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-were generated during the array creation

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Please review contents of log file

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-/home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20250702.log

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To determine level of criticality

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-These messages could be from a previous run of the utility

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-that was called today!

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[WARN]:-*******************************************************

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Database instance successfully created

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To complete the environment configuration, please

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-update gpadmin .bashrc file with the following

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-1. Ensure that the greenplum_path.sh file is sourced

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-2. Add "export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1"

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   to access the Greenplum scripts for this instance:

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   or, use -d /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1 option for the Greenplum scripts

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-   Example gpstate -d /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Script log file = /home/gpadmin/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20250702.log

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To remove instance, run gpdeletesystem utility

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-To initialize a Standby Master Segment for this Greenplum instance

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The Master /home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-located in the /usr/local/greenplum-db-6.13.0/docs directory

20250702:08:05:10:009646 gpinitsystem:gphost:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------

现在可以用psql命令登录数据库了

[gpadmin@gphost ~]$ psql gpdb

psql (9.4.24)

Type "help" for help.

gpdb=# \d

No relations found.

gpdb=# \l

                              List of databases

  Name    |  Owner  | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |  Access privileges

-----------+---------+----------+------------+------------+---------------------

gpdb      | gpadmin | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |

postgres  | gpadmin | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |

template0 | gpadmin | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/gpadmin         +

          |         |          |            |            | gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin

template1 | gpadmin | UTF8     | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/gpadmin         +

          |         |          |            |            | gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin

(4 rows)

gpdb=# create table testdis (id int primary key ,name varchar(20)) distributed by(id);

CREATE TABLE                                                             ^

gpdb=# insert into testdis select n,'name'||n  from generate_series(1,100000) n;

INSERT 0 100000

gpdb=# select gp_segment_id,count(*) from testdis group by 1;

gp_segment_id | count

---------------+-------

            0 | 25111

            1 | 25018

            3 | 24936

            2 | 24935

(4 rows)

可以看到每个段主机数据分片数量是不同的。

[gpadmin@gphost master]$ cd gpseg-1/

[gpadmin@gphost gpseg-1]$ ls

base                pg_dynshmem    pg_serial              PG_VERSION

global              pg_hba.conf    pg_snapshots           pg_xlog

gpperfmon           pg_ident.conf  pg_stat                postgresql.auto.conf

gpsegconfig_dump    pg_log         pg_stat_tmp            postgresql.conf

gpssh.conf          pg_logical     pg_subtrans            postmaster.opts

internal.auto.conf  pg_multixact   pg_tblspc              postmaster.pid

pg_clog             pg_notify      pg_twophase

pg_distributedlog   pg_replslot    pg_utilitymodedtmredo

[gpadmin@gphost gpseg-1]$ pwd

/home/gpadmin/master/gpseg-1

由于master节点是协调节点，会把用户的SQL语句通过分配到SEGMENT主机上。通常你的master节点要做好pg_hba.conf的设置。

总结：这次实践活动中，找GP安装包找了好久，时间跨度达2个月。如果有些安装包，不太好找，可以多换几个平台。遇到暂时还啃不了硬骨头，可以暂时放它几天，先软化它。等待各种条件（软件、硬件、信心）都具备了，技术文档和架构原理都吃透了再去啃它。如果还是搞不定它，说明以你目前的实力暂时还不行，还要继续修炼提高。