§ Centos系统中安装GreatSQL
本节介绍如何用二进制包方式安装GreatSQL数据库，假定本次安装是在CentOS 8.x x86_64环境中安装，并且是以root用户身份执行安装操作。
在开始安装前，请根据文档 安装准备 已经完成准备工作。
§ MGR集群规划
本次计划在3台服务器上安装GreatSQL数据库并部署MGR集群：
| node | ip | datadir | port | role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GreatSQL-01 | 172.16.16.10 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | PRIMARY |
| GreatSQL-02 | 172.16.16.11 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | SECONDARY |
| GreatSQL-03 | 172.16.16.12 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | ARBITRATOR |
以下安装配置工作先在三个节点都同样操作一遍。
§ 下载安装包
查看机器的glibc版本，以选择正确的安装包：
$ ldd --version
...
ldd (GNU libc) 2.28
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如果您的glibc版本为2.28或更高版本，请选择带有"glibc2.28"标识的安装包；如果您的glibc版本为2.17，请选择带有"glibc2.17"标识的安装包。
点击此处 (opens new window)下载最新的安装包，下载以下一个就可以：
- GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
将下载的二进制包放到安装目录下，并解压缩：
cd /usr/local
curl -o GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz https://product.greatdb.com/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
tar xf GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
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同时修改设置，将GreatSQL加入 PATH 环境变量：
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
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安装GreatSQL需要先安装其他依赖包，可执行下面命令完成：
yum install -y pkg-config perl libaio-devel numactl-devel numactl-libs net-tools openssl openssl-devel jemalloc jemalloc-devel perl-Data-Dumper perl-Digest-MD5 python2 perl-JSON perl-Test-Simple
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如果报告个别依赖包安装失败或者找不到就删掉，然后重试。更详细的请参考：安装准备。
§ 启动前准备
§ 修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件
请参考这份 my.cnf 模板 (opens new window)，可根据实际情况修改，一般主要涉及数据库文件分区、目录，内存配置等少数几个选项。以下面这份为例：
[client]
socket = /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
[mysql]
loose-skip-binary-as-hex
prompt = "(\\D)[\\u@GreatSQL][\\d]>"
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
server_id = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64
datadir = /data/GreatSQL
socket = /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
pid-file = mysql.pid
character-set-server = UTF8MB4
skip_name_resolve = ON
default_time_zone = "+8:00"
bind_address = "0.0.0.0"
secure_file_priv = /data/GreatSQL
# Performance
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
thread_stack = 512K
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 768
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
net_buffer_shrink_interval = 180
sql_generate_invisible_primary_key = ON
loose-lock_ddl_polling_mode = ON
loose-lock_ddl_polling_runtime = 200
# Logs
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log_error = error.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
slow_query_log = ON
log_slow_extra = ON
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
long_query_time = 0.01
log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_slow_admin_statements = ON
log_slow_replica_statements = ON
log_slow_verbosity = FULL
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format = ROW
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
binlog_space_limit = 500G
binlog_rows_query_log_events = ON
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
binlog_checksum = CRC32
binlog_order_commits = OFF
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
# Replication
relay-log = relaylog
relay_log_recovery = ON
replica_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
replica_parallel_workers = 16
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
replica_preserve_commit_order = ON
replica_checkpoint_period = 2
loose-rpl_read_binlog_speed_limit = 100
# MGR
loose-plugin_load_add = 'mysql_clone.so'
loose-plugin_load_add = 'group_replication.so'
loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaa1"
loose-group_replication_local_address = "172.16.16.10:33061"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "172.16.16.10:33061,172.16.16.11:33061,172.16.16.12:33061"
loose-group_replication_communication_stack = "XCOM"
loose-group_replication_recovery_use_ssl = OFF
loose-group_replication_ssl_mode = DISABLED
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
loose-group_replication_exit_state_action = READ_ONLY
loose-group_replication_flow_control_mode = "DISABLED"
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks = OFF
loose-group_replication_majority_after_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_communication_max_message_size = 10M
loose-group_replication_arbitrator = OFF
loose-group_replication_single_primary_fast_mode = 1
loose-group_replication_request_time_threshold = 100
loose-group_replication_primary_election_mode = GTID_FIRST
loose-group_replication_unreachable_majority_timeout = 0
loose-group_replication_member_expel_timeout = 5
loose-group_replication_autorejoin_tries = 288
loose-group_replication_recovery_get_public_key = ON
loose-group_replication_donor_threshold = 100
report_host = "172.16.16.10"
# InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_redo_log_capacity = 6G
innodb_doublewrite_files = 2
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = ON
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = ON
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
innodb_print_ddl_logs = ON
innodb_status_file = ON
innodb_status_output = OFF
innodb_status_output_locks = ON
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = OFF
innodb_numa_interleave = OFF
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 20
innodb_print_lock_wait_timeout_info = ON
innodb_change_buffering = none
kill_idle_transaction = 300
innodb_data_file_async_purge = ON
#innodb monitor settings
#innodb_monitor_enable = "module_innodb,module_server,module_dml,module_ddl,module_trx,module_os,module_purge,module_log,module_lock,module_buffer,module_index,module_ibuf_system,module_buffer_page,module_adaptive_hash"
#pfs settings
performance_schema = 1
#performance_schema_instrument = '%memory%=on'
performance_schema_instrument = '%lock%=on'
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§ 新建mysql用户
/sbin/groupadd mysql
/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin
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§ 新建 datadir
新建数据库主目录，并修改权限模式及属主：
mkdir -p /data/GreatSQL
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/GreatSQL
chmod -R 700 /data/GreatSQL
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§ 增加GreatSQL系统服务
推荐采用systemd来管理GreatSQL服务，执行 vim /lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service 命令，添加下面的内容：
[Unit]
Description=GreatSQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
# some limits
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=65535
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=65535
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
User=mysql
Group=mysql
#如果是GreatSQL 5.7版本，此处需要改成simple模式，否则可能服务启用异常
#如果是GreatSQL 8.0版本则可以使用notify模式
#Type=simple
Type=notify
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false
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务必确认文件中目录及文件名是否正确。
执行命令重载systemd，加入 greatsql 服务，如果没问题就不会报错：
systemctl daemon-reload
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这就安装成功并将GreatSQL添加到系统服务中，后面可以用 systemctl 来管理GreatSQL服务。
§ 启动GreatSQL
执行下面的命令启动GreatSQL服务
systemctl start greatsql
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如果是在一个全新环境中首次启动GreatSQL数据库，可能会失败，因为在 mysqld_pre_systemd 的初始化处理逻辑中，需要依赖 /var/lib/mysql-files 目录保存一个临时文件。如果首次启动失败，可能会有类似下面的报错提示：
查看运行结果
$ systemctl status greatsql
...
● greatsql.service - GreatSQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2024-07-08 10:02:03 CST; 1min 14s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1258165 ExecStart=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 1257969 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1258165 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Status: "Server shutdown complete"
systemd[1]: Starting GreatSQL Server...
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: mktemp: failed to create file via template ‘/var/lib/mysql-files/install-validate-password-plugin.XXXXXX.sql’: No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: chmod: cannot access '': No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd: line 43: : No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd: line 44: $initfile: ambiguous redirect
systemd[1]: greatsql.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
systemd[1]: greatsql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
systemd[1]: Failed to start GreatSQL Server.
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只需手动创建 /var/lib/mysql-files 目录，再次启动GreatSQL服务即可：
mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql-files && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql-files
systemctl start greatsql
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检查服务是否已启动，以及进程状态：
$ systemctl status greatsql
...
● greatsql.service - GreatSQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-07-12 10:08:06 CST; 6min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 60129 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 60231 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 49 (limit: 149064)
Memory: 5.6G
CGroup: /system.slice/greatsql.service
└─60231 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
systemd[1]: Starting GreatSQL Server...
systemd[1]: Started GreatSQL Server.
$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
...
mysql 60231 1 2 10:08 ? 00:00:10 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
$ ss -lntp | grep mysqld
...
LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=38))
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=43))
# 查看数据库文件
$ ls /data/GreatSQL
...
auto.cnf ca-key.pem error.log '#ib_archive' '#innodb_redo' mysql.ibd performance_schema server-key.pem undo_002
binlog.000001 ca.pem '#file_purge' ib_buffer_pool innodb_status.258 mysql.pid private_key.pem slow.log
binlog.000002 client-cert.pem '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' ibdata1 '#innodb_temp' mysql.sock public_key.pem sys
binlog.index client-key.pem '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' ibtmp1 mysql mysql.sock.lock server-cert.pem undo_001
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可以看到，GreatSQL服务已经正常启动了。
§ 连接登入GreatSQL
在上面进行GreatSQL初始化时，会为 root@localhost 用户生成一个随机密码，记录在 error.log 日志文件中，例如下面这样：
$ grep -i root /data/GreatSQL/error.log
...
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ji!pjndiw5sJ
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复制该密码，将用于首次登入GreatSQL所需。
部分GreatSQL二进制包方式安装后，有可能初始化的root密码是空的，这种情况下可以直接登入并修改成安全密码。
$ mysql -uroot -p"ji!pjndiw5sJ" #<--这里输入刚才复制的临时密码
...
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.32-26 GreatSQL, Release 26, Revision 444164cc78e
...
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
...
greatsql> status;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
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首次登入立刻提醒该密码已过期，需要修改，执行 SQL 命令 ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 修改即可：
greatsql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'GreatSQL@2022'; #<--修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
greatsql> status;
...
Server version: 8.0.32-26
...
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GreatSQL数据库安装并初始化完毕。
§ 安装GreatSQL Shell
为了支持仲裁节点特性，需要安装GreatSQL Shell。打开GreatSQL下载页面 (opens new window)，找到 GreatSQL MySQL Shell，下载相应的MySQL Shell安装包（目前只提供二进制安装包）。
P.S，如果暂时不想使用仲裁节点特性的话，则可以继续使用相同版本的官方MySQL Shell安装包，可以直接用yum方式安装，此处略过。
本文场景中，选择下面的二进制包：
- greatsql-shell-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
将二进制文件包放在 /usr/local 目录下，解压缩：
cd /usr/local/
tar xf greatsql-shell-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
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修改家目录下的 profile 文件 vim ~/.bash_profile，加入PATH：
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/greatsql-shell-8.0.32-26-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin
export PATH
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加载，使之生效
source ~/.bash_profile
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这样就可以直接执行 mysqlsh，而无需每次都加上全路径了。
运行 GreatSQL Shell 8.0.32-26 需要安装 Python 3.8 依赖
dnf install -y libssh python38 python38-libs python38-pyyaml
pip3.8 install --user certifi pyclamd
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接下来就可以直接使用mysqlsh了
$ mysqlsh
...
MySQL Shell 8.0.32
Copyright (c) 2016, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type '\help' or '\?' for help; '\quit' to exit.
MySQL JS >
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GreatSQL Shell就可以正常使用，并继续构建MGR集群了。
小贴士
推荐使用 Docker 来运行 GreatSQL Shell，详情参考 GreatSQL-Shell Docker (opens new window)。
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