§ Centos系统中安装GreatSQL
本文档主要介绍如何用二进制包方式安装GreatSQL数据库，假定本次安装是在CentOS 8.x x86_64环境中安装，并且是以root用户身份执行安装操作。
在开始安装前，请根据文档 安装准备 已经完成准备工作。
§ 1. MGR集群规划
本次计划在3台服务器上安装GreatSQL数据库并部署MGR集群：
| node | ip | datadir | port | role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GreatSQL-01 | 172.16.16.10 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | PRIMARY |
| GreatSQL-02 | 172.16.16.11 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | SECONDARY |
| GreatSQL-03 | 172.16.16.12 | /data/GreatSQL/ | 3306 | ARBITRATOR |
以下安装配置工作先在三个节点都同样操作一遍。
§ 2. 下载安装包
查看机器的glibc版本，以选择正确的安装包：
$ ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.28
1
2
2
如果您的glibc版本为2.28或更高版本，请选择带有"glibc2.28"标识的安装包；如果您的glibc版本为2.17，请选择带有"glibc2.17"标识的安装包。
点击此处下载最新的安装包，下载以下一个就可以：
- GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
将下载的二进制包放到安装目录下，并解压缩：
$ cd /usr/local
$ curl -o GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz https://product.greatdb.com/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
$ tar xf GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
1
2
3
2
3
同时修改设置，将GreatSQL加入 PATH 环境变量：
$ echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ source ~/.bash_profile
1
2
2
提示：安装GreatSQL需要先安装其他依赖包，可执行下面命令完成：
$ yum install -y pkg-config perl libaio-devel numactl-devel numactl-libs net-tools openssl openssl-devel jemalloc jemalloc-devel perl-Data-Dumper perl-Digest-MD5 python2 perl-JSON perl-Test-Simple
1
如果报告个别依赖包安装失败或者找不到就删掉，然后重试。更详细的请参考：安装准备。
§ 3. 启动前准备
§ 3.1 修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件
参考这份文件，可根据实际情况修改，一般主要涉及数据库文件分区、目录，内存配置等少数几个选项。以下面这份为例：
$ vim my.cnf
[client]
user = root
socket = /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
#主从复制或MGR集群中，server_id记得要不同
#另外，实例启动时会生成 auto.cnf，里面的 server_uuid 值也要不同
#server_uuid的值还可以自己手动指定，只要符合uuid的格式标准就可以
server_id = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64
datadir = /data/GreatSQL
socket = /data/GreatSQL/mysql.sock
pid-file = mysql.pid
character-set-server = UTF8MB4
skip_name_resolve = 1
#若你的MySQL数据库主要运行在境外，请务必根据实际情况调整本参数
default_time_zone = "+8:00"
#performance setttings
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
open_files_limit = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
thread_stack = 512K
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 768
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
net_buffer_shrink_interval = 180
#GIPK
loose-sql_generate_invisible_primary_key = ON
#log settings
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
log_error = /data/GreatSQL/error.log
log_error_verbosity = 3
slow_query_log = 1
log_slow_extra = 1
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
#设置slow log文件大小1G及总文件数10
max_slowlog_size = 1073741824
max_slowlog_files = 10
long_query_time = 0.1
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_bin = binlog
binlog_format = ROW
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 2G
max_binlog_size = 1G
#控制binlog总大小，避免磁盘空间被撑爆
binlog_space_limit = 500G
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 604800
#MySQL 8.0.22前，想启用MGR的话，需要设置binlog_checksum=NONE才行
binlog_checksum = CRC32
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency = TRUE
#myisam settings
key_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
#replication settings
relay_log_recovery = 1
slave_parallel_type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
#可以设置为逻辑CPU数量的2倍
slave_parallel_workers = 64
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking = WRITESET
slave_preserve_commit_order = 1
slave_checkpoint_period = 2
#mgr settings
loose-plugin_load_add = 'mysql_clone.so'
loose-plugin_load_add = 'group_replication.so'
loose-group_replication_group_name = "aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaa1"
#MGR本地节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
loose-group_replication_local_address = "172.16.16.10:33061"
#MGR集群所有节点IP:PORT，请自行替换
loose-group_replication_group_seeds = "172.16.16.10:33061,172.16.16.11:33061,172.16.16.12:33061"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot = OFF
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group = OFF
loose-group_replication_exit_state_action = READ_ONLY
loose-group_replication_flow_control_mode = "DISABLED"
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_majority_after_mode = ON
loose-group_replication_communication_max_message_size = 10M
loose-group_replication_arbitrator = 0
loose-group_replication_single_primary_fast_mode = 1
loose-group_replication_request_time_threshold = 100
loose-group_replication_primary_election_mode = GTID_FIRST
loose-group_replication_unreachable_majority_timeout = 0
loose-group_replication_member_expel_timeout = 5
loose-group_replication_autorejoin_tries = 288
report_host = "172.16.16.10"
#innodb settings
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_redo_log_capacity = 6G
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G
# 根据您的服务器IOPS能力适当调整
# 一般配普通SSD盘的话，可以调整到 10000 - 20000
# 配置高端PCIe SSD卡的话，则可以调整的更高，比如 50000 - 80000
innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
innodb_print_ddl_logs = 0
innodb_status_file = 1
#注意: 开启 innodb_status_output & innodb_status_output_locks 后, 可能会导致log_error文件增长较快
innodb_status_output = 0
innodb_status_output_locks = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 0
#开启NUMA支持
innodb_numa_interleave = ON
innodb_print_lock_wait_timeout_info = 1
#自动杀掉超过5分钟不活跃事务，避免行锁被长时间持有
kill_idle_transaction = 300
#innodb monitor settings
#innodb_monitor_enable = "module_innodb,module_server,module_dml,module_ddl,module_trx,module_os,module_purge,module_log,module_lock,module_buffer,module_index,module_ibuf_system,module_buffer_page,module_adaptive_hash"
#innodb parallel query
loose-force_parallel_execute = OFF
loose-parallel_default_dop = 8
loose-parallel_max_threads = 96
temptable_max_ram = 8G
#pfs settings
performance_schema = 1
#performance_schema_instrument = '%memory%=on'
performance_schema_instrument = '%lock%=on'
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
§ 3.2 新建mysql用户
$ /sbin/groupadd mysql
$ /sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin
1
2
2
§ 3.3 新建数据库主目录，并修改权限模式及属主
$ mkdir -p /data/GreatSQL
$ chown -R mysql:mysql /data/GreatSQL
$ chmod -R 700 /data/GreatSQL
1
2
3
2
3
§ 3.4 增加GreatSQL系统服务
$ vim /lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service
[Unit]
Description=GreatSQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
# some limits
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=65535
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=65535
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
User=mysql
Group=mysql
#如果是GreatSQL 5.7版本，此处需要改成simple模式，否则可能服务启用异常
#如果是GreatSQL 8.0版本则可以使用notify模式
#Type=simple
Type=notify
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
务必确认文件中目录及文件名是否正确。
执行命令重载systemd，加入 greatsql 服务，如果没问题就不会报错：
$ systemctl daemon-reload
1
这就安装成功并将GreatSQL添加到系统服务中，后面可以用 systemctl 来管理GreatSQL服务。
§ 4. 启动GreatSQL
执行下面的命令启动GreatSQL服务
$ systemctl start greatsql
1
如果是在一个全新环境中首次启动GreatSQL数据库，可能会失败，因为在 mysqld_pre_systemd 的初始化处理逻辑中，需要依赖 /var/lib/mysql-files 目录保存一个临时文件。如果首次启动失败，可能会有类似下面的报错提示：
$ systemctl status greatsql
● greatsql.service - GreatSQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2023-06-30 10:02:03 CST; 1min 14s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1258165 ExecStart=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 1257969 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1258165 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Status: "Server shutdown complete"
systemd[1]: Starting GreatSQL Server...
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: mktemp: failed to create file via template ‘/var/lib/mysql-files/install-validate-password-plugin.XXXXXX.sql’: No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: chmod: cannot access '': No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd: line 43: : No such file or directory
mysqld_pre_systemd[1257969]: /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd: line 44: $initfile: ambiguous redirect
systemd[1]: greatsql.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
systemd[1]: greatsql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
systemd[1]: Failed to start GreatSQL Server.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
只需手动创建 /var/lib/mysql-files 目录，再次启动GreatSQL服务即可：
$ mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql-files && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql-files
$ systemctl start greatsql
1
2
2
检查服务是否已启动，以及进程状态：
$ systemctl status greatsql
● greatsql.service - GreatSQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/greatsql.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-07-12 10:08:06 CST; 6min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 60129 ExecStartPre=/usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 60231 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
Tasks: 49 (limit: 149064)
Memory: 5.6G
CGroup: /system.slice/greatsql.service
└─60231 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
Jul 12 10:07:58 db170 systemd[1]: Starting GreatSQL Server...
Jul 12 10:08:06 db170 systemd[1]: Started GreatSQL Server.
$ ps -ef | grep mysqld
mysql 60231 1 2 10:08 ? 00:00:10 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.32-25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld
$ ss -lntp | grep mysqld
LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=38))
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=60231,fd=43))
# 查看数据库文件
$ ls /data/GreatSQL
auto.cnf client-key.pem '#ib_16384_14.dblwr' '#ib_16384_6.dblwr' ib_logfile1 mysql.pid server-key.pem
binlog.000001 error.log '#ib_16384_15.dblwr' '#ib_16384_7.dblwr' ib_logfile2 mysql.sock slow.log
binlog.000002 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' '#ib_16384_8.dblwr' ibtmp1 mysql.sock.lock sys
binlog.index '#ib_16384_10.dblwr' '#ib_16384_2.dblwr' '#ib_16384_9.dblwr' innodb_status.60231 performance_schema undo_001
ca-key.pem '#ib_16384_11.dblwr' '#ib_16384_3.dblwr' ib_buffer_pool '#innodb_temp' private_key.pem undo_002
ca.pem '#ib_16384_12.dblwr' '#ib_16384_4.dblwr' ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem
client-cert.pem '#ib_16384_13.dblwr' '#ib_16384_5.dblwr' ib_logfile0 mysql.ibd server-cert.pem
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
可以看到，GreatSQL服务已经正常启动了。
§ 5. 连接登入GreatSQL
在上面进行GreatSQL初始化时，会为 root@localhost 用户生成一个随机密码，记录在 error.log 日志文件中，例如下面这样：
$ grep -i root /data/GreatSQL/error.log
... A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ji!pjndiw5sJ
1
2
2
复制该密码，将用于首次登入GreatSQL所需。
部分GreatSQL二进制包方式安装后，有可能初始化的root密码是空的，这种情况下可以直接登入并修改成安全密码。
$ mysql -uroot -p"ji!pjndiw5sJ" #<--这里输入刚才复制的临时密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.32-25 GreatSQL, Release 25, Revision db07cc5cb73
...
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
...
greatsql> \s
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
首次登入立刻提醒该密码已过期，需要修改，执行类似下面的命令修改即可：
greatsql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY 'GreatSQL@2022'; #<--修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
greatsql> \s
...
Server version: 8.0.32-25
...
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
GreatSQL数据库安装并初始化完毕。
§ 6. 安装MySQL Shell
为了支持仲裁节点特性，需要安装GreatSQL提供的MySQL Shell发行包。打开GreatSQL下载页面，找到 7. GreatSQL MySQL Shell，下载相应的MySQL Shell安装包（目前只提供二进制安装包）。
P.S，如果暂时不想使用仲裁节点特性的话，则可以继续使用相同版本的官方MySQL Shell安装包，可以直接用YUM方式安装，此处略过。
本文场景中，选择下面的二进制包：
- greatsql-shell-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
将二进制文件包放在 /usr/local 目录下，解压缩：
$ cd /usr/local/
$ tar xf greatsql-shell-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz
1
2
2
修改家目录下的profile文件，加入PATH：
$ vim ~/.bash_profile
...
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/greatsql-shell-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin
export PATH
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
加载一下
$ source ~/.bash_profile
1
这样就可以直接执行 mysqlsh，而无需每次都加上全路径了。
第一次启动mysqlsh时，可能会有类似下面的提示：
WARNING: Found errors loading plugins, for more details look at the log at: /root/.mysqlsh/mysqlsh.log
1
执行下面的指令安装certifi这个Python模块即可：
$ pip3.6 install --user certifi
1
接下来就可以直接使用mysqlsh了
$ mysqlsh
MySQL Shell 8.0.25
Copyright (c) 2016, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type '\help' or '\?' for help; '\quit' to exit.
MySQL Py >
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
MySQL Shell就可以正常使用，并继续构建MGR集群了。
§ 问题反馈
§ 联系我们
扫码关注微信公众号
