§ 保留字、关键字


在 GreatSQL 中,保留字(Reserved Words)关键字(Keywords) 通常有特殊意义,比如SELECT/DELETE/BIGINT 都是保留字。

当使用这些保留字(Reserved Words)作为表名、列名、内置函数名等对象名情况下,需要特殊处理才行(通常建议加上反引号"`"),避免报SQL语法错误。

当使用关键字(Keywords)作为表明、列名、内置函数名等对象名时,无需特殊处理,不会报 SQL 语法错误。

如下面的例子:

greatsql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)' at line 1
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这是因为 interval 是保留字,需要用 "`" 引用包括才行,而 begin/end 只是关键字,不需要特殊处理,修改如下:

greatsql> CREATE TABLE `interval`(begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
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另外,要注意的是,从 GreatSQL 8.0.32-24 开始,开启 Oracle 兼容模式(SET sql_mode=ORACLE)后,对象名都需要特殊处理才行,例如:

greatsql> CREATE TABLE `interval`(`begin` INT, `end` INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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greatsql> CREATE TABLE "interval"("begin" INT, "end" INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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在上面的两个例子中,用双引号 "` 均可。

综上,强烈建议在 SQL 开发、编写 SQL 语句时,对象名都用 "` 将其引用起来,避免报 SQL 语法错误,保证应用程序的容错性。

通过查询视图 information_schema.KEYWORDS 也可以找到保留字和关键字的信息(其中RESERVED=1的表示是保留字,其余是关键字):

greatsql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.KEYWORDS WHERE WORD LIKE '%int%';
+----------------------------------------+----------+
| WORD                                   | RESERVED |
+----------------------------------------+----------+
| ACCESSIBLE                             |        1 |
| ACCOUNT                                |        0 |
| ACTION                                 |        0 |
| ACTIVE                                 |        0 |
| ADD                                    |        1 |
| ADMIN                                  |        0 |
...
| XML                                    |        0 |
| XOR                                    |        1 |
| YEAR                                   |        0 |
| YEAR_MONTH                             |        1 |
| ZEROFILL                               |        1 |
| ZONE                                   |        0 |
+----------------------------------------+----------+
766 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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其中,GreatSQL 相对 MySQL 新增的保留字、关键字如下:

+----------------------------------------+----------+
| WORD                                   | RESERVED |
+----------------------------------------+----------+
| BASED                                  |        0 |
| BINARY_DOUBLE                          |        1 |
| BINARY_FLOAT                           |        1 |
| BINARY_INTEGER                         |        0 |
| BODY                                   |        0 |
| BUILD                                  |        0 |
| CLIENT_STATISTICS                      |        0 |
| CLOB                                   |        1 |
| CLUSTERING                             |        1 |
| COLLECT                                |        0 |
| COMPLETE                               |        0 |
| COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY                 |        0 |
| CONNECT                                |        0 |
| CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE                     |        1 |
| CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF                      |        1 |
| CONNECT_BY_ROOT                        |        1 |
| CYCLE                                  |        0 |
| DEFERRED                               |        0 |
| DELETING                               |        0 |
| DEMAND                                 |        0 |
| EFFECTIVE                              |        0 |
| ELSIF                                  |        0 |
| EXCEPTION                              |        0 |
| EXTERNAL                               |        0 |
| FORALL                                 |        0 |
| GOTO                                   |        0 |
| IMMEDIATE                              |        0 |
| INCREMENT                              |        0 |
| INDEX_STATISTICS                       |        0 |
| INSERTING                              |        0 |
| ISOPEN                                 |        0 |
| KEEP                                   |        1 |
| LOCATION                               |        0 |
| MATCHED                                |        1 |
| MATERIALIZED                           |        0 |
| MINUS                                  |        1 |
| MINVALUE                               |        0 |
| MONTHS_BETWEEN                         |        0 |
| NOCACHE                                |        0 |
| NOCYCLE                                |        0 |
| NOMAXVALUE                             |        0 |
| NOMINVALUE                             |        0 |
| NOORDER                                |        0 |
| NOTFOUND                               |        0 |
| NVARCHAR2                              |        0 |
| OBJECT                                 |        0 |
| PERCENT                                |        0 |
| PERCONA_SEQUENCE_TABLE                 |        1 |
| PIVOT                                  |        0 |
| PLAN                                   |        1 |
| PLS_INTEGER                            |        1 |
| PRAGMA                                 |        0 |
| PRIOR                                  |        1 |
| PRIVATE                                |        0 |
| PUBLIC                                 |        0 |
| RAISE                                  |        0 |
| RATIO_TO_REPORT                        |        1 |
| RAW                                    |        0 |
| RECORD                                 |        0 |
| REF                                    |        0 |
| REFRESH                                |        0 |
| ROWCOUNT                               |        0 |
| ROWNUM                                 |        1 |
| ROWTYPE                                |        0 |
| SEQUENCE                               |        0 |
| SEQUENCES                              |        0 |
| SEQUENCE_TABLE                         |        0 |
| SERVEROUTPUT                           |        0 |
| SQLCODE                                |        0 |
| SQLERRM                                |        0 |
| START_LSN                              |        0 |
| SYNONYM                                |        0 |
| SYNONYMS                               |        0 |
| SYSDATE                                |        0 |
| SYSTIMESTAMP                           |        0 |
| SYS_REFCURSOR                          |        0 |
| TABLE_STATISTICS                       |        0 |
| THREAD_STATISTICS                      |        0 |
| TRACK                                  |        0 |
| UPDATING                               |        0 |
| USER_STATISTICS                        |        0 |
| VARCHAR2                               |        1 |
| VARRAY                                 |        1 |
| WITHIN                                 |        1 |
+----------------------------------------+----------+
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在使用过程中请注意上述保留字、关键字,默认都用 "` 将其引用起来,避免报 SQL 语法错误,保证应用程序的容错性。

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